In 1821, Mexico became independence from spain. and New Mexico became a part of the Mexican Republic. And it changed the governmen. The new government in Mexico was restricted to trade with foreigners but incourge to trade with the American. So Santa Fe Trail became an important commercial route to the West because it is important place to trade with people from America

      The northern New Mexico insurrection known as "The Revolt of 1847," had began when Charles Bent and the local officials were killed at Taos In January 19, 1847. The revolt quickly spread. However the American army responded very quickly and decisively. In late January, the New Mexicans retreated and set up a defensive position. On February 3, 1847, the insurrection was broken and many prisoners taken. A series of tragic trials followed at which a number of the survivors were tried for murder and treason. During the following weeks, nearly two dozen New Mexicans were hanged.